In 1969, psychiatrist Elisabeth Kubler-Ross published her book, “On Death and Dying,” that describes five stages of grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and finally, acceptance. Kubler-Ross published her book after having worked with patients with terminal illnesses. Those five stages of grief were actually intended to describe the anticipatory grief that the patients themselves go through, but over time, they were applied to bereaved survivors.
Kubler-Ross’ work was important and helpful because it helped reduce the stigma of grief and encouraged people to seek grief counseling. However, the stages of grief were never intended to be rules by which everyone must grieve. Not everyone experiences all of these stages, and not everyone moves through them in a linear fashion. Post-1969, scientific evidence shows that grief is a highly individualized and varied experience, and everyone has their own unique journey through loss.